Autism Wikipedia. This article is about the classic autistic disorder. For other conditions sometimes called autism, see Autism spectrum. For the journal, see Autism journal. Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction, impaired verbal and non verbal communication, and restricted and repetitive behavior. Parents usually notice signs in the first two years of their childs life. These signs often develop gradually, though some children with autism reach their developmental milestones at a normal pace and then regress. The diagnostic criteria require that symptoms become apparent in early childhood, typically before age three. Autism is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some cases are strongly associated with certain infections during pregnancy including rubella and use of alcohol or cocaine. Controversies surround other proposed environmental causes 1. Autism affects information processing in the brain by altering how nerve cells and their synapses connect and organize how this occurs is not well understood. In the DSM V, autism is included within the autism spectrum ASDs, as is Asperger syndrome, which lacks delays in cognitive development and language, and pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified commonly abbreviated as PDD NOS, which can be diagnosed when the full set of criteria for autism or Asperger syndrome are not met. Early speech or behavioral interventions can help children with autism gain self care, social, and communication skills. Although there is no known cure,4 there have been reported cases of children who recovered. Not many children with autism live independently after reaching adulthood, though some become successful. Download Project Management By K Nagarajan Pdf' title='Download Project Management By K Nagarajan Pdf' />An autistic culture has developed, with some individuals seeking a cure and others believing autism should be accepted as a difference and not treated as a disorder. Globally, autism is estimated to affect 2. As of 2. 01. 0, the number of people affected is estimated at about 12 per 1,0. It occurs four to five times more often in boys than girls. About 1. 5 of children in the United States one in 6. ASD as of 2. 01. 4update, a 3. The rate of autism among adults aged 1. United Kingdom is 1. The number of people diagnosed has been increasing dramatically since the 1. Characteristics. Autism spectrum disorder video. Autism is a highly variable neurodevelopmental disorder2. People with autism may be severely impaired in some respects but normal, or even superior, in others. IJSTR is an open access quality publication of peer reviewed and refereed international journals. IJSTR calls for research papers. Original Article. Effect of Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Pregnancy Outcomes. Caroline A. Crowther, F. R. A. N. Z. C. O. G., Janet E. Hiller, Ph. D., John R. Overt symptoms gradually begin after the age of six months, become established by age two or three years,2. It is distinguished not by a single symptom, but by a characteristic triad of symptoms impairments in social interaction impairments in communication and restricted interests and repetitive behavior. Other aspects, such as atypical eating, are also common but are not essential for diagnosis. Autisms individual symptoms occur in the general population and appear not to associate highly, without a sharp line separating pathologically severe from common traits. Social development. Social deficits distinguish autism and the related autism spectrum disorders ASD see Classification from other developmental disorders. People with autism have social impairments and often lack the intuition about others that many people take for granted. Noted autistic Temple Grandin described her inability to understand the social communication of neurotypicals, or people with normal neural development, as leaving her feeling like an anthropologist on Mars. Unusual social development becomes apparent early in childhood. Autistic infants show less attention to social stimuli, smile and look at others less often, and respond less to their own name. Autistic toddlers differ more strikingly from social norms for example, they have less eye contact and turn taking, and do not have the ability to use simple movements to express themselves, such as pointing at things. Three to five year old children with autism are less likely to exhibit social understanding, approach others spontaneously, imitate and respond to emotions, communicate nonverbally, and take turns with others. However, they do form attachments to their primary caregivers. Download Project Management By K Nagarajan Pdf' title='Download Project Management By K Nagarajan Pdf' />Most children with autism display moderately less attachment security than neurotypical children, although this difference disappears in children with higher mental development or less severe ASD. Older children and adults with ASD perform worse on tests of face and emotion recognition3. Children with high functioning autism suffer from more intense and frequent loneliness compared to non autistic peers, despite the common belief that children with autism prefer to be alone. Making and maintaining friendships often proves to be difficult for those with autism. For them, the quality of friendships, not the number of friends, predicts how lonely they feel. Functional friendships, such as those resulting in invitations to parties, may affect the quality of life more deeply. There are many anecdotal reports, but few systematic studies, of aggression and violence in individuals with ASD. The limited data suggest that, in children with intellectual disability, autism is associated with aggression, destruction of property, and tantrums. Ford 2600 Tractor Manual on this page. My 4 Digit Activation Code My Emerald Card. Communication. About a third to a half of individuals with autism do not develop enough natural speech to meet their daily communication needs. Differences in communication may be present from the first year of life, and may include delayed onset of babbling, unusual gestures, diminished responsiveness, and vocal patterns that are not synchronized with the caregiver. In the second and third years, children with autism have less frequent and less diverse babbling, consonants, words, and word combinations their gestures are less often integrated with words. Children with autism are less likely to make requests or share experiences, and are more likely to simply repeat others words echolalia3. Joint attention seems to be necessary for functional speech, and deficits in joint attention seem to distinguish infants with ASD 1. Children with autism may have difficulty with imaginative play and with developing symbols into language. In a pair of studies, high functioning children with autism aged 81. Both autistic groups performed worse than controls at complex language tasks such as figurative language, comprehension and inference. As people are often sized up initially from their basic language skills, these studies suggest that people speaking to autistic individuals are more likely to overestimate what their audience comprehends. Microsoft Xp Text To Speech Download. Repetitive behavior. A young boy with autism who has arranged his toys in a row. Autistic individuals can display many forms of repetitive or restricted behavior, which the Repetitive Behavior Scale Revised RBS R categorizes as follows. Stereotyped behaviors Repetitive movements, such as hand flapping, head rolling, or body rocking. Compulsive behaviors Time consuming behaviors intended to reduce anxiety that an individual feels compelled to perform repeatedly or according to rigid rules, such as placing objects in a specific order, checking things, or hand washing. Sameness Resistance to change for example, insisting that the furniture not be moved or refusing to be interrupted.